Punishment, Consent, Value and Respect:

Value of informed consent in surgical orthodontics.

PURPOSE Informed consent forms an important part of treatment, especially in the case of elective treatment. The aim of this survey was to establish how much patients can recall of the information given during an informed consent interview before orthognathic surgery. During the consultation, attention was given to all aspects of the treatment. However, because of "insurance-related factors," t...

Contextual modulation of value signals in reward and punishment learning

Compared with reward seeking, punishment avoidance learning is less clearly understood at both the computational and neurobiological levels. Here we demonstrate, using computational modelling and fMRI in humans, that learning option values in a relative--context-dependent--scale offers a simple computational solution for avoidance learning. The context (or state) value sets the reference point ...

a comparison of teachers and supervisors, with respect to teacher efficacy and reflection

supervisors play an undeniable role in training teachers, before starting their professional experience by preparing them, at the initial years of their teaching by checking their work within the proper framework, and later on during their teaching by assessing their progress. but surprisingly, exploring their attributes, professional demands, and qualifications has remained a neglected theme i...

Respect for autonomy and free consent in research using archived biological material.

Honesty, trust, and respect during consent discussions in neonatal clinical trials.

“Participating in the study provided an avenue for a premature baby like mine to receive an outstanding level of care and extra support from the research nurse that may not otherwise be available outside research. It was also fulfilling knowing that from this research may come the help that others with this same condition may need. It played a significant role in our education about improving a...